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Circles

A circle is defined as a set of points that are equidistant from a central point. This point is called the center, and the distance from the points on the circle to the center is called the radius.

Center

The point that is equidistant from all points on the circle's circumference. (Also known as the midpoint.)

Circumference

The boundary of the circle. The distance from the circumference to the center is always the radius.

Arc

A portion of the circumference, defined by a central angle.

Arc length = circumference central angle 360

Radius

The distance from the center to the circumference.

Diameter

A chord that passes through the center. The diameter is 2 times the radius.

Sector

A sector is a portion of the circle's area, defined by a central angle.

Sector area = area central angle 360

Tangent

A line that touches the circle at exactly one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point.

Chord

A straight line segment that connects two points on the circumference.

Segment

The area between an arc and a chord.

Central Angle

An angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle.

Inscribed Angle

An angle whose vertex is on the circumference of the circle.
If an inscribed angle and a central angle share the same chord, then:

The inscribed angle is always half the size of the central angle when the inscribed angle lies outside the legs of the central angle.

If the inscribed angle lies between the legs of the central angle, the angle will always be:

180 central angle 2 = inscribed angle